At School #18: continuous encouragement
Problem: The student appears to need frequent and intensive reinforcement, for example requesting reassurance, suggesting that his work is inadequate and the like.
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I. GENERAL MEDICAL POSSIBILITIES
1. Chronic Pain: Some students may seek frequent reinforcement and reassurance as a result of being in chronic pain.
2.Fatigue: Some students may seek frequent reinforcement and reassurance as a result of fatigue (e.g., insufficient sleep).
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II. COGNITIVE/SELF-REGULATORY POSSIBILITIES
1.Inhibition Impairment: Some students may seek frequent reinforcement and reassurance as a result of inhibition impairment (i.e., impulse-control problems). (See Tutorials on Self-Regulation; Impulsiveness/Disinhibition)
2.Weak Orientation to Task: Some students may seek frequent reinforcement and reassurance as a result of uncertainty regarding what is required of them. (See Tutorials on Language Comprehension; Organization)
3.Generally Weak Cognitive Functioning: Some students may seek frequent reinforcement and reassurance as a result of excessive demands placed on their memory, organizational ability, academic skill, or other cognitive ability. (See Tutorials on Cognition; Memory; Organization)
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III. BEHAVIORAL POSSIBILITIES
1.Attention Seeking: Some students may seek frequent reinforcement and reassurance as a means of obtaining adult and/or peer attention. (See Tutorials on Attention; Behavior Management: Prevention Strategies; Behavior Management: Contingency Management)
2.Manipulativeness: Some students may seek frequent reinforcement and reassurance as a form of manipulation. (See Tutorials on Teaching Positive Communication Alternatives to Negative Behavior; Behavior Management: Prevention Strategies)
3.Task Avoidance: Some students may seek frequent reinforcement and reassurance as a way to avoid specific tasks. (See Tutorials on Noncompliance; Errorless Learning; Problem Solving; Behavior Management: Prevention Strategies; Behavior Management: Contingency Management)
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IV. SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL POSSIBILITIES
1.Depression: Some students may seek frequent reinforcement and reassurance because they are upset, depressed, and/or lack positive relationships with peers and/or adults. (See Tutorials on Depression; Peer Relationships) Young children often manifest depression by acting out.
2.Anxiety: Some students may seek frequent reinforcement and reassurance as a result of anxiety. (See Tutorial on Anxiety)
3.Frustration: Some students may seek frequent reinforcement and reassurance as a result of feeling frustrated. (See Tutorials on Self Regulation/Executive Function Routines after TBI; Teaching Positive Communication Alternatives to Negative Behavior)
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